Group 4: Chapter 7 (Educational Philosophy-The Intellectual Foundations of American Education)

There are 4 major philosophies of education.  The first is Perennialism, which states human nature is constant and schools should teach classic knowledge.  This philosophy is teacher-centered, and it emphasizes personal development.  Important subject matter include: math, science, history, etc.  The second philosophy is Essentialism.  Essentialism focuses on a critical core of knowledge and skills.  It is also teacher-centered and it focuses on essential skills.  Important subject matter are: reading, writing, math, literature.  Progressivism is the third philosophy.  It focuses on real world problem solving and individual development.  It is student-centered, and hands-on activities are important to "learn by doing."  The last philosophy is social reconstruction.  This philosophy emphasizes that schools, teachers, and students should lead in alleviating social inequities in our society.  Social reform and social questioning are key factors.  This philosophy emphasizes on teaching more drug, sex, bullying, etc. education.